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''Escadrille 12'' of the French Air Force was formed in 1912 and known for introducing Nieuport aircraft to the World War I air combat. ==History== Escadrille 12 was equipped initially with ''Nieuport'' two-seater aircraft; hence its original designation as ''Escadrille N 12''. It took the Nieuports into World War I, but was then re-equipped with ''Morane-Saulnier L'' monoplanes on 28 February 1915. In accordance with French custom, it was renamed ''Escadrille MS 12''. By this time, the unit was assigned to V Armee of the French ground forces.〔Franks, Bailey 1992, p. 89.〕 In September 1915, the ''escadrille'' re-equipped once again, with ''Nieuport 11s'', and it once again became ''Escadrille N 12''. In subsequent months, it would also acquire ''Nieuport 12s'', ''Nieuport 16s'', and ''Nieuport 17s''.〔 On 8 July 1916, it was cited in orders. It moved to a new assignment with II Armee on 5 October 1916. On 1 November 1916, it was one of four ''escadrilles'' consolidated into ''Groupe de Combat 11'', the other Nieuport ''escadrilles'' being ''Escadrilles N31, ''N48'', and ''N57''.〔 As a component of ''GC 11'', the ''escadrille'' was reassigned to V Armee in April 1917. In July, ''GC 11'' moved to 1er Armee in Flanders. On 16 September 1917, it was transferred to VI Armee. In December, it upgraded to ''SPADs'' and thus became ''Escadrille Spa12''.〔 ''Groupe de Combat 11'' joined ''Groupe de Combat 13'' and ''Groupe de Combat 17'' to form ''Escadre de Combat No. 2'' on 27 February 1918. In turn, ''Escadre de Combat No. 2'' was subsumed into the ''1er Division Aerienne'' on 14 May 1918. On 16 May 1918, ''Escadrille Spa 12'' was cited by General Philippe Pétain for its prowess in destroying 34 enemy aircraft and two observation balloons. On 28 May 1918, ''GC II'' was detached from ''Escadre de Combat No. 2'' and assigned to support VI Armee and V Armee. On 23 September 1918, ''GC 11'' was moved to IV Armee. They made their final move on 6 November, to VIII Armee. When the war ended five days later, ''Escadrille Spa12'' had been credited with victories over 43 enemy aircraft and seven observation balloons.〔 The heritage of the ''Escadrille 12'' continues in the present day French air force. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Escadrille 12」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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